The potential of Gafanhoto Park as na American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) focus was evaluated by examination of sand ßy vectors of the Leishmania parasite. This forest remnant is located in a periurban area of Divino ´polis, Brazil, where autochthonous cases of ACL have been reported. Sandßypopulationsweremonitoredover a2-yr period (2006Ð2008) byusing light traps (HP and Shannon). During systematic collections with HP traps, 824 specimens in total (342males and 482 females) of 21 species were captured. Most prevalent species were as follows: Brumptomyia brumpti (Larrouse),Lutzomyia aragaoi(Costa Lima),Lutzomyia lutziana(Costa Lima),Lutzomyia sordellii (Shannon & Del Ponte), andLutzomyia whitmani(Antunes & Coutinho). Using Shannon traps, 257 specimens representing 15 species were collected (159 females and 98males), with a high prevalence of L. whitmani and Lutzomyia neivai (Pinto), both vectors of Leishmania braziliensis (Vianna). To ascertain the level of natural infection, a sample of females captured in Shannon traps was assayed for the presence of Leishmaniaby using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length poly-morphism, where 39% of insects were positive. The most infected species was L. whitmani (29 sand ßies; 18.2%), followed by L.neivai (21; 13.2%), Lutzomyia christenseni (Young&Duncan) (Þve; 3.1%), Lutzomyia pessoai(Coutinho & Barreto) (three; 1.9%),L. aragaoi(one; 0.6%),Lutzomyia fischeri (Pinto)(one; 0.6%),Lutzomyia lenti(Mangabeira)(one; 0.6%),L.lutziana(one; 0.6%), andLutzomyia monticula(Costa Lima) (one; 0.6%). The Þnding of potential and incriminated vectors naturally infected with Leishmaniareinforces the need of epidemiologic surveillance in the area