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ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRIBUTION AND SOCIO-SPATIAL CONTEXT OF HOMICIDES IN PORTO ALEGRE, BRAZIL
Homicide
Quality of life indicators
Geographic information system
Spatial analysis
Afiliación
Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Center for Scientific and Technological Information. Department of Health Information Research. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Center for Scientific and Technological Information. Department of Health Information Research. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. National School of Public Health Sergio Arouca. Department of Epidemiology and Quantitative Methods. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Center for Scientific and Technological Information. Department of Health Information Research. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. National School of Public Health Sergio Arouca. Department of Epidemiology and Quantitative Methods. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Resumen en portugues
Over the last decade, the number of homicides in Porto Alegre has increased to the point where external causes are
now the main group of causes of death in the 5–34-year age group. Preventing these deaths depends fundamentally on
identifying factors related to excess violence in population groups. The overall aim of this study is to analyse the spatial
distribution of homicide victims by place of residence in Porto Alegre, the capital of the southernmost Brazilian State of
Rio Grande do Sul, in 1996, in order to identify and understand the socio-spatial context. Demographic and
socioeconomic indicators based on the 1991 census and 1996 population count were used to build a multivariate
classification characterizing the 1851 census tracts. Homicides occurring in 1996 were located using the municipality’s
Geographic Information System. Four socioeconomic groups were identified, mainly differentiated by housing
indicators. Small areas on the urban periphery in which slums (favelas) are concentrated presented higher homicide
rates. Homicide rates were lower in the two groups with higher income and educational level. The second step was to
classify the census tracts according to the homicide indicator. In this case, areas were differentiated by the number of
household inhabitants per room, income, schooling, and median age. We conclude that the multivariate socioeconomic
classification presents a limited capacity to identify populations exposed to homicides, suggesting that socioeconomic
conditions themselves do not determine violent behaviour. On the other hand, the spatial methods allowed us to
identify small areas where deaths are concentrated and whose populations should receive special attention in planning
measures to prevent violent deaths.
Palabras clave en ingles
ViolenceHomicide
Quality of life indicators
Geographic information system
Spatial analysis
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