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THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF MPOX CASES IN RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL: CHANGES OVER TIME DURING THE 2022 OUTBREAK
Alternative title
O perfil epidemiológico dos casos de MPOX no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: muda ao longo do tempo durante o surto de 2022Author
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Abstract
Background: Mpox emerged as a public health emergency of international concern in May, 2022. By January 27, 2023, 85,382 cases were diagnosed globally;12.5% of them in Brazil. Understanding the mpox transmission dynamics in Brazil is relevant to prepare adequate responses at the country level. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of confirmed mpox cases and the pattern of community transmission in Rio de Janeiro according to time of diagnosis. Methods: Prospective, observational cohort study of individuals with confirmed mpox followed at a major referral center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.We compared sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral data among individuals diagnosed in two time periods: (1)June-August 2022(first phase); (2)September-December 2022(second phase).Chi-squared or Fisher’s tests for qualitative variables and Moods test for quantitative variables were used. Results: Between June and December 2022, 416 participants had confirmed mpox, the majority between June and August 2022(62.9%). Overall, median age was 34 years(IQR:28-40), 91.9% were cisgender men(n=382/416),62.3% self-declared as black or pardo(n=205/329), 87.4% were men who have sex with men(MSM)(n=326/373). Compared to cases diagnosed during the first phase, the frequency of cases among women(cis and trans) increased during the second phase, whereas it declined among cisgender men and MSM. Reporting sex in the 30 days before symptoms initiation and the frequency of anogenital lesions remained stable across phases.Overall, disseminated exanthema was more frequent, but localized exanthema increased during the second phase(Table).
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