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DARK CHOCOLATE (70% COCOA) ATTENUATES THE INFLAMMATORY MARKER TNF-α IN PATIENTS ON HEMODIALYSIS
Hemodialysis
Inflammation
Oxidative stress
Dark chocolate
Autor
Afiliación
Fluminense Federal University. Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences. Niterói, RJ, Brazil / Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Graduate Program in Biological Sciences – Physiology. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Fluminense Federal University. Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences. Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
Fluminense Federal University. Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences. Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
Fluminense Federal University. Graduate Program in Medical Sciences. Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
Fluminense Federal University. Graduate Program in Medical Sciences. Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas. HIV/AIDS Clinical Research Center. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Fluminense Federal University. Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences. Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
Fluminense Federal University. Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences. Niterói, RJ, Brazil / Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Graduate Program in Biological Sciences – Physiology. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil / Fluminense Federal University. Graduate Program in Medical Sciences. Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
Fluminense Federal University. Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences. Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
Fluminense Federal University. Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences. Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
Fluminense Federal University. Graduate Program in Medical Sciences. Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
Fluminense Federal University. Graduate Program in Medical Sciences. Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas. HIV/AIDS Clinical Research Center. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Fluminense Federal University. Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences. Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
Fluminense Federal University. Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences. Niterói, RJ, Brazil / Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Graduate Program in Biological Sciences – Physiology. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil / Fluminense Federal University. Graduate Program in Medical Sciences. Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
Resumen en ingles
Background: Inflammation and oxidative stress lead to a high risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Food rich in polyphenols such as dark chocolate may be an effective strategy to mitigate inflammation and delay CKD complications, outwith sensorial pleasure promotion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dark chocolate on inflammation and oxidative stress markers in patients with CKD on hemodialysis (HD). Methods: A clinical trial was carried out with 59 patients who were allocated into the chocolate group [40g of dark chocolate (70% cocoa) offered during HD sessions, 3×/week] or the control group with any intervention for two months. Plasma levels of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 were evaluated by the ELISA method. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and LDLox levels were evaluated as lipid peroxidation markers. Routine biochemical parameters were analysed using commercial BioClin® kits. Results: Thirty-five patients completed the chocolate group (18 men, 53.0 (16) years and 31.0 (39) months on HD) and 11 in the control group (7 men, 48.0 (17.5) years and 44.0 (56.5) months on HD). Regarding the differences between the groups, the patients who received dark chocolate had reduced plasma levels of TNF-α compared to the control (p = 0.008). No significant changes were observed in the oxidative stress parameters evaluated in both groups. Routine biochemical (including phosphorus and potassium levels) and anthropometric parameters and food intake were not changed after the study period. Conclusion: The intervention with dark chocolate (70% cocoa) for two months reduced the plasma levels of TNF-α in patients with CKD on HD. In addition, it is essential to emphasise that chocolate intake did not increase the plasma levels of phosphorus and potassium in these patients. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04600258.
Palabras clave en ingles
Chronic kidney diseaseHemodialysis
Inflammation
Oxidative stress
Dark chocolate
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