Our knowledge about HIV among transgender populations has substantially improved since the Journal of the International AIDS Society (JIAS) published its first special issue about HIV in transgender populations in 2016. A PubMed search indicates that more than 1000 peer-reviewed manuscripts focused on HIV among transgender people have been published in the past 5 years. While this increased volume of research is heartening, the findings indicate transgender people remain disproportionately burdened by HIV globally. A recent meta-analysis of studies published between 2000 and 2019 found an overall HIV prevalence of 19.9% for trans feminine individuals and 2.6% for trans masculine individuals with odds ratios of 66 and 7, respectively, compared to all individuals ages 15 years and older. While data on the HIV prevention and care continuum among transgender people are limited, existing studies indicate lower engagement in HIV testing, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake, persistence and adherence, as well as antiretroviral therapy (ART) uptake and adherence. These appalling inequities in HIV prevalence, prevention and care are driven by socio-structural factors rooted in stigma and discrimination.