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CLIMATE CHANGE IMPLICATIONS FOR METAL AND METALLOID DYNAMICS IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS AND ITS CONTEXT WITHIN THE DECADE OF OCEAN SCIENCES
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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.
Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities are affecting marine ecosystems, notably coastal ones, in multiple
ways and at increasing rates, leading to habitat degradation, loss of biodiversity, and greater exposure
of flora and fauna to chemical contaminants, with serious effects on ocean health. Chemical pollution,
in particular, is a significant negative stressor for aquatic ecosystems, both oceanic and coastal, and
has recently been identified as a priority for conservation efforts. Metals and metalloids, in particular,
present environmental persistence, bioavailability, tendency to bioaccumulate along the trophic chain,
and potential toxic effects. However, the current scenario of climate change is increasingly affecting
the aquatic environment, altering water mass flows and the transport of pollutants, aggravating
toxic effects and ecological risks. Moreover, although traditional sources of contamination have
been studied for decades, many knowledge gaps persist, in addition to the emerging effects of
climate change that are still poorly studied. In this regard, this review aims to discuss climate change
implications for metal and metalloid dynamics in aquatic ecosystems and its context within the
Decade of Ocean Sciences. We also discuss how an increasing interest in plastic pollution has led to
contamination by metals and metalloids being neglected, requiring mutual efforts to move forward
in the understating of the negative and often lethal impacts of this type of pollutants, thus aiming at
prioritizing contamination by metals and metalloids not just in the oceans, but in all water bodies.
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