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MORTALITY OUTCOMES WITH HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE AND CHLOROQUINE IN COVID-19 FROM AN INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED TRIALS
Autor(es)
Axfors, Cathrine
Schmitt, Andreas M.
Janiaud, Perrine
Hooft, Janneke van’t
Abd-Elsalam, Sherief
Abdo, Ehab F.
Abella, Benjamin S.
Akram, Javed
Amaravadi, Ravi K.
Angus, Derek C.
Arabi, Yaseen M.
Azhar, Shehnoor
Baden, Lindsey R.
Baker, Arthur W.
Belkhir, Leila
Benfield, Thomas
Berrevoets, Marvin A. H.
Chen, Cheng-Pin
Chen, Tsung-Chia
Cheng, Shu-Hsing
Cheng, Chien-Yu
Chung, Wei-Sheng Chung
Cohen, Yehuda Z. Cohen
Cowan, Lisa N.
Dalgard, Olav
Val, Fernando F. de Almeida e
Lacerda, Marcus V. G. de
Melo, Gisely C. de
Derde, Lennie
Dubee, Vincent
Elfakir, Anissa
Gordon, Anthony C.
Hernandez-Cardenas, Carmen M.
Hills, Thomas
Hoepelman, Andy I. M.
Huang, Yi-Wen
Igau, Bruno
Jin, Ronghua
Jurado-Camacho, Felipe
Khan, Khalid S.
Kremsner, Peter G.
Kreuels, Benno
Kuo, Cheng-Yu
Le, Thuy
Lin, Yi-Chun
Lin, Wu-Pu
Lin, Tse-Hung
Lyngbakken, Magnus Nakrem Lyngbakken
McArthur, Colin
McVerry, Bryan J.
Meza-Meneses, Patricia
Monteiro, Wuelton M.
Morpeth, Susan C.
Mourad, Ahmad
Mulligan, Mark J.
Murthy, Srinivas
Naggie, Susanna
Narayanasamy, Shanti
Nichol, Alistair
Novack, Lewis A.
O’Brien, Sean M.
Okeke, Nwora Lance
Perez, Léna
Perez-Padilla, Rogelio
Perrin, Laurent
Remigio-Luna, Arantxa
Rivera-Martinez, Norma E.
Rockhold, Frank W.
Rodriguez-Llamazares, Sebastian
Rolfe, Robert
Rosa, Rossana
Røsjø, Helge
Sampaio, Vanderson S.
Seto, Todd B.
Shahzad, Muhammad
Soliman, Shaimaa
Stout, Jason E.
Thirion-Romero, Ireri
Troxel, Andrea B.
Tseng, Ting-Yu
Turner, Nicholas A.
Ulrich, Robert J.
Walsh, Stephen R.
Webb, Steve A.
Weehuizen, Jesper M.
Velinova, Maria
Wong, Hon-Lai
Wrenn, Rebekah
Zampieri, Fernando G.
Zhong, Wu
Moher, David
Goodman, Steven N.
Ioannidis, John P. A.
Hemkens, Lars G.
Schmitt, Andreas M.
Janiaud, Perrine
Hooft, Janneke van’t
Abd-Elsalam, Sherief
Abdo, Ehab F.
Abella, Benjamin S.
Akram, Javed
Amaravadi, Ravi K.
Angus, Derek C.
Arabi, Yaseen M.
Azhar, Shehnoor
Baden, Lindsey R.
Baker, Arthur W.
Belkhir, Leila
Benfield, Thomas
Berrevoets, Marvin A. H.
Chen, Cheng-Pin
Chen, Tsung-Chia
Cheng, Shu-Hsing
Cheng, Chien-Yu
Chung, Wei-Sheng Chung
Cohen, Yehuda Z. Cohen
Cowan, Lisa N.
Dalgard, Olav
Val, Fernando F. de Almeida e
Lacerda, Marcus V. G. de
Melo, Gisely C. de
Derde, Lennie
Dubee, Vincent
Elfakir, Anissa
Gordon, Anthony C.
Hernandez-Cardenas, Carmen M.
Hills, Thomas
Hoepelman, Andy I. M.
Huang, Yi-Wen
Igau, Bruno
Jin, Ronghua
Jurado-Camacho, Felipe
Khan, Khalid S.
Kremsner, Peter G.
Kreuels, Benno
Kuo, Cheng-Yu
Le, Thuy
Lin, Yi-Chun
Lin, Wu-Pu
Lin, Tse-Hung
Lyngbakken, Magnus Nakrem Lyngbakken
McArthur, Colin
McVerry, Bryan J.
Meza-Meneses, Patricia
Monteiro, Wuelton M.
Morpeth, Susan C.
Mourad, Ahmad
Mulligan, Mark J.
Murthy, Srinivas
Naggie, Susanna
Narayanasamy, Shanti
Nichol, Alistair
Novack, Lewis A.
O’Brien, Sean M.
Okeke, Nwora Lance
Perez, Léna
Perez-Padilla, Rogelio
Perrin, Laurent
Remigio-Luna, Arantxa
Rivera-Martinez, Norma E.
Rockhold, Frank W.
Rodriguez-Llamazares, Sebastian
Rolfe, Robert
Rosa, Rossana
Røsjø, Helge
Sampaio, Vanderson S.
Seto, Todd B.
Shahzad, Muhammad
Soliman, Shaimaa
Stout, Jason E.
Thirion-Romero, Ireri
Troxel, Andrea B.
Tseng, Ting-Yu
Turner, Nicholas A.
Ulrich, Robert J.
Walsh, Stephen R.
Webb, Steve A.
Weehuizen, Jesper M.
Velinova, Maria
Wong, Hon-Lai
Wrenn, Rebekah
Zampieri, Fernando G.
Zhong, Wu
Moher, David
Goodman, Steven N.
Ioannidis, John P. A.
Hemkens, Lars G.
Afiliação
Stanford University. Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS). Califórnia, CA, USA.
University of Basel. University Hospital Basel. Department of Clinical Research. Basel, Switzerland.
University of Basel. University Hospital Basel. Department of Clinical Research. Basel, Switzerland.
Stanford University. Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS). Califórnia, CA, USA.
Tanta University. Faculty of Medicine. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department. Tanta, Egypt.
Assiut University. Faculty of Medicine. Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department. Assiut, Egypt.
University of Pennsylvania. Department of Emergency Medicine. Philadelphia, PA, USA.
University of Health Sciences. Vice Chancellor. Department of Internal Medicine. Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
University of Pennsylvania. Abramson Cancer Center and Department of Medicine. Philadelphia, PA, USA.
University of Pittsburgh. Department of Critical Care Medicine. The Clinical Research Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center. Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Intensive Care Department. King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
University of Health Sciences. Department of Public Health. Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Division of Infectious Diseases. Brigham and Women’s Hospital. Boston, MA, USA.
Duke University Medical Center. Department of Medicine. Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health. Durham, NC, USA.
Université Catholique de Louvain. Infectious Diseases Department. Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc. Brussels, Belgium.
Copenhagen University Hospital. Center of Research & Disruption of Infectious Diseases. Department of Infectious Diseases. Amager and Hvidovre. Hvidovre, Denmark.
Elisabeth-Tweesteden hospital. Department of Internal Medicine. Tilburg, Netherlands.
Department of Infectious Diseases. Taoyuan General Hospital. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Department of Internal Medicine. Taichung Hospital. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Taichung, Taiwan.
Department of Infectious Diseases. Taoyuan General Hospital. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Department of Infectious Diseases. Taoyuan General Hospital. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Department of Internal Medicine. Taichung Hospital. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Taichung, Taiwan.
Sanofi. Bridgewater. NJ, USA.
Sanofi. Bridgewater. NJ, USA.
Akershus University Hospital. Department of Infectious Diseases. Division of Medicine. Lørenskog, Norway.
Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado. Manaus, AM, Brasil.
Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado. Manaus, AM, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Leonidas e Maria Deane. Manaus, AM, Brasil.
Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado. Manaus, AM, Brasil.
University Medical Center Utrecht. Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care. Utrecht, Netherlands.
Angers University Hospital. Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department. Angers, France.
Ividata Life Sciences. Levallois-Perret, France.
Department of Surgery and Cancer, Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine, and Intensive Care Medicine. Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. London, UK.
Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas. Critical Care Department. Ciudad de México, Mexico.
Medical Research Institute of New Zealand. Wellington, New Zealand.
University Medical Center Utrecht. Department of Infectious Diseases. Utrecht, Netherlands.
Department of Internal Medicine. Chang Hua Hospital. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Changhua, Taiwan.
Sanofi. Bridgewater. NJ, USA.
Beijing Youan Hospital. Capital Medical University. Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas. Critical Care Department. Ciudad de México, Mexico.
University of Granada. Hospital Real. Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health. Avenida del Hospicio, Granada, Granada, Spain.
University of Tübingen. Institute of Tropical Medicine. Tübingen, Germany.
University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf. Department of Medicine. Division of Tropical Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases. Hamburg, Germany.
Department of Internal Medicine. Pingtung Hospital. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Pingtung, Taiwan.
Duke University Medical Center. Department of Medicine. Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health. Durham, NC, USA
Department of Infectious Diseases. Taoyuan General Hospital. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Department of Internal Medicine. Taipei Hospital. Ministry of Health and Welfare. New Taipei City, Taiwan
Department of Internal Medicine. Chang Hua Hospital. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Changhua, Taiwan.
University of Oslo. Faculty of Medicine. Institute of Clinical Medicine. Oslo, Norway.
Medical Research Institute of New Zealand. Wellington, New Zealand.
University of Pittsburgh. Department of Medicine. Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Hospital Regional de Alta especialidad de Ixtapaluca. Ixtapaluca, Mexico.
Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado. Manaus, AM, Brasil.
Middlemore Hospital. Auckland, New Zealand.
Duke University Medical Center. Department of Medicine. Durham, NC, USA.
NYU Grossman School of Medicine. Department of Microbiology. New York, NY, USA
University of British Columbia School of Medicine. Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Duke University Medical Center. Department of Medicine. Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health. Durham, NC, USA.
Duke University Medical Center. Department of Medicine. Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health. Durham, NC, USA.
Monash University. School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine. Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre. Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Harvard Medical School. Division of Infectious Diseases. Brigham and Women’s Hospital. Boston, MA, USA.
Duke University Medical Center and Duke Clinical Research Institute. Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics. Durham, NC, USA
Duke University Medical Center. Department of Medicine. Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health. Durham, NC, USA.
Excelya. Montpellier, France.
Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas. Department of Smoking and COPD. Ciudad de México, Mexico.
Sanofi. Montpellier, France.
Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas. Department of Smoking and COPD. Ciudad de México, Mexico.
Hospital Regional de Alta especialidad de Oaxaca. Oaxaca, Mexico.
Duke University Medical Center and Duke Clinical Research Institute. Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics.Durham, NC, USA.
Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas. Department of Smoking and COPD. Ciudad de México, Mexico.
Duke University Medical Center. Department of Medicine. Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health. Durham, NC, USA.
UnityPoint Health. Des Moines, IA, USA
University of Oslo. Faculty of Medicine. Institute of Clinical Medicine. Oslo, Norway.
Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado. Manaus, AM, Brasil.
University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine. Honolulu, HI, USA.
University of Health Sciences. Department of Pharmacology. Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Menoufia University. Public Health and Community Medicine. Menoufia, Egypt.
Duke University Medical Center. Department of Medicine. Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health. Durham, NC, USA
Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas. Department of Smoking and COPD. Ciudad de México, Mexico.
NYU Grossman School of Medicine. Department of Population Health. Division of Biostatistics. New York, NY, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine. Taichung Hospital. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Taichung, Taiwan.
Duke University Medical Center. Department of Medicine. Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health. Durham, NC, USA.
NYU Grossman School of Medicine. Department of Medicine. Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology. New York, NY, USA.
Brigham and Women’s Hospital. Division of Infectious Diseases. Boston, MA, USA.
Monash University. School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine. Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre. Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
University Medical Center Utrecht. Department of Infectious Diseases. Utrecht, Netherlands.
PRA Health Science. Groningen, Netherlands.
Department of Internal Medicine. Keelung Hospital. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Keelung, Taiwan.
Duke University Medical Center. Department of Medicine. Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health. Durham, NC, USA.
Research Institute. HCor-Hospital do Coração. São Paulo, Brasil.
National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug. Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
Stanford University. Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS). Califórnia, CA, USA.
Stanford University. Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS). Califórnia, CA, USA.
Stanford University. Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS). Califórnia, CA, USA.
University of Basel. University Hospital Basel. Department of Clinical Research. Basel, Switzerland.
University of Basel. University Hospital Basel. Department of Clinical Research. Basel, Switzerland.
Stanford University. Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS). Califórnia, CA, USA.
Tanta University. Faculty of Medicine. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department. Tanta, Egypt.
Assiut University. Faculty of Medicine. Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department. Assiut, Egypt.
University of Pennsylvania. Department of Emergency Medicine. Philadelphia, PA, USA.
University of Health Sciences. Vice Chancellor. Department of Internal Medicine. Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
University of Pennsylvania. Abramson Cancer Center and Department of Medicine. Philadelphia, PA, USA.
University of Pittsburgh. Department of Critical Care Medicine. The Clinical Research Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center. Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Intensive Care Department. King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
University of Health Sciences. Department of Public Health. Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Division of Infectious Diseases. Brigham and Women’s Hospital. Boston, MA, USA.
Duke University Medical Center. Department of Medicine. Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health. Durham, NC, USA.
Université Catholique de Louvain. Infectious Diseases Department. Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc. Brussels, Belgium.
Copenhagen University Hospital. Center of Research & Disruption of Infectious Diseases. Department of Infectious Diseases. Amager and Hvidovre. Hvidovre, Denmark.
Elisabeth-Tweesteden hospital. Department of Internal Medicine. Tilburg, Netherlands.
Department of Infectious Diseases. Taoyuan General Hospital. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Department of Internal Medicine. Taichung Hospital. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Taichung, Taiwan.
Department of Infectious Diseases. Taoyuan General Hospital. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Department of Infectious Diseases. Taoyuan General Hospital. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Department of Internal Medicine. Taichung Hospital. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Taichung, Taiwan.
Sanofi. Bridgewater. NJ, USA.
Sanofi. Bridgewater. NJ, USA.
Akershus University Hospital. Department of Infectious Diseases. Division of Medicine. Lørenskog, Norway.
Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado. Manaus, AM, Brasil.
Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado. Manaus, AM, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Leonidas e Maria Deane. Manaus, AM, Brasil.
Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado. Manaus, AM, Brasil.
University Medical Center Utrecht. Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care. Utrecht, Netherlands.
Angers University Hospital. Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department. Angers, France.
Ividata Life Sciences. Levallois-Perret, France.
Department of Surgery and Cancer, Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine, and Intensive Care Medicine. Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. London, UK.
Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas. Critical Care Department. Ciudad de México, Mexico.
Medical Research Institute of New Zealand. Wellington, New Zealand.
University Medical Center Utrecht. Department of Infectious Diseases. Utrecht, Netherlands.
Department of Internal Medicine. Chang Hua Hospital. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Changhua, Taiwan.
Sanofi. Bridgewater. NJ, USA.
Beijing Youan Hospital. Capital Medical University. Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas. Critical Care Department. Ciudad de México, Mexico.
University of Granada. Hospital Real. Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health. Avenida del Hospicio, Granada, Granada, Spain.
University of Tübingen. Institute of Tropical Medicine. Tübingen, Germany.
University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf. Department of Medicine. Division of Tropical Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases. Hamburg, Germany.
Department of Internal Medicine. Pingtung Hospital. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Pingtung, Taiwan.
Duke University Medical Center. Department of Medicine. Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health. Durham, NC, USA
Department of Infectious Diseases. Taoyuan General Hospital. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Department of Internal Medicine. Taipei Hospital. Ministry of Health and Welfare. New Taipei City, Taiwan
Department of Internal Medicine. Chang Hua Hospital. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Changhua, Taiwan.
University of Oslo. Faculty of Medicine. Institute of Clinical Medicine. Oslo, Norway.
Medical Research Institute of New Zealand. Wellington, New Zealand.
University of Pittsburgh. Department of Medicine. Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Hospital Regional de Alta especialidad de Ixtapaluca. Ixtapaluca, Mexico.
Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado. Manaus, AM, Brasil.
Middlemore Hospital. Auckland, New Zealand.
Duke University Medical Center. Department of Medicine. Durham, NC, USA.
NYU Grossman School of Medicine. Department of Microbiology. New York, NY, USA
University of British Columbia School of Medicine. Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Duke University Medical Center. Department of Medicine. Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health. Durham, NC, USA.
Duke University Medical Center. Department of Medicine. Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health. Durham, NC, USA.
Monash University. School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine. Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre. Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Harvard Medical School. Division of Infectious Diseases. Brigham and Women’s Hospital. Boston, MA, USA.
Duke University Medical Center and Duke Clinical Research Institute. Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics. Durham, NC, USA
Duke University Medical Center. Department of Medicine. Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health. Durham, NC, USA.
Excelya. Montpellier, France.
Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas. Department of Smoking and COPD. Ciudad de México, Mexico.
Sanofi. Montpellier, France.
Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas. Department of Smoking and COPD. Ciudad de México, Mexico.
Hospital Regional de Alta especialidad de Oaxaca. Oaxaca, Mexico.
Duke University Medical Center and Duke Clinical Research Institute. Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics.Durham, NC, USA.
Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas. Department of Smoking and COPD. Ciudad de México, Mexico.
Duke University Medical Center. Department of Medicine. Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health. Durham, NC, USA.
UnityPoint Health. Des Moines, IA, USA
University of Oslo. Faculty of Medicine. Institute of Clinical Medicine. Oslo, Norway.
Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado. Manaus, AM, Brasil.
University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine. Honolulu, HI, USA.
University of Health Sciences. Department of Pharmacology. Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Menoufia University. Public Health and Community Medicine. Menoufia, Egypt.
Duke University Medical Center. Department of Medicine. Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health. Durham, NC, USA
Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas. Department of Smoking and COPD. Ciudad de México, Mexico.
NYU Grossman School of Medicine. Department of Population Health. Division of Biostatistics. New York, NY, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine. Taichung Hospital. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Taichung, Taiwan.
Duke University Medical Center. Department of Medicine. Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health. Durham, NC, USA.
NYU Grossman School of Medicine. Department of Medicine. Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology. New York, NY, USA.
Brigham and Women’s Hospital. Division of Infectious Diseases. Boston, MA, USA.
Monash University. School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine. Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre. Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
University Medical Center Utrecht. Department of Infectious Diseases. Utrecht, Netherlands.
PRA Health Science. Groningen, Netherlands.
Department of Internal Medicine. Keelung Hospital. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Keelung, Taiwan.
Duke University Medical Center. Department of Medicine. Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health. Durham, NC, USA.
Research Institute. HCor-Hospital do Coração. São Paulo, Brasil.
National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug. Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
Stanford University. Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS). Califórnia, CA, USA.
Stanford University. Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS). Califórnia, CA, USA.
Stanford University. Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS). Califórnia, CA, USA.
Resumo
Investimento substancial em pesquisa COVID-19 foi alocado para ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECRs) sobre hidroxicloroquina/cloroquina, que atualmente enfrentam desafios de recrutamento ou descontinuação precoce. Nosso objetivo é estimar os efeitos da hidroxicloroquina e da cloroquina sobre a sobrevivência em COVID-19 de todas as evidências de RCT atualmente disponíveis, publicadas e não publicadas. Apresentamos uma rápida meta-análise de ECRs em andamento, concluídos ou descontinuados em tratamento com hidroxicloroquina ou cloroquina para qualquer paciente com COVID-19 (protocolo: : https://osf.io/QESV4/). Identificamos sistematicamente ECRs não publicados (ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO Plataforma Internacional de Registro de Ensaios Clínicos, registro Cochrane COVID até 11 de junho de 2020), e ECRs publicados (PubMed, medRxiv e bioRxiv até 16 de outubro de 2020). Todas as causas mortalidade foi extraída (publicações/pré-impressões) ou solicitada aos investigadores e combinados em meta-análises de efeitos aleatórios, calculando odds ratio (ORs) com intervalos de confiança de 95% (ICs), separadamente para hidroxicloroquina e cloroquina. Pré-especificado as análises de subgrupo incluem configuração do paciente, confirmação de diagnóstico, tipo de controle e status de publicação. Sessenta e três estudos eram potencialmente elegíveis. Incluímos 14 ensaios não publicados (1308 pacientes) e 14 publicações/preprints (9011 pacientes). Resultados para hidroxicloroquina são dominados por RECOVERY e WHO SOLIDARITY, dois ensaios altamente pragmáticos, que empregaram doses relativamente altas e incluíram 4.716 e 1.853 pacientes, respectivamente (67% dos o tamanho total da amostra). O OR combinado na mortalidade por todas as causas para hidroxicloroquina é 1,11 (IC 95%: 1,02, 1,20; I² = 0%; 26 ensaios; 10.012 pacientes) e para cloroquina 1,77 (IC 95%: 0,15, 21,13, I² = 0%; 4 ensaios; 307 pacientes). Não identificamos efeitos de subgrupo. Nós achamos isso tratamento com hidroxicloroquina está associado ao aumento da mortalidade na COVID-19 pacientes, e não há benefício da cloroquina. Os achados não têm generalização clara para ambulatorial, crianças, gestantes e pessoas com comorbidades.
Resumo em Inglês
Substantial COVID-19 research investment has been allocated to randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, which currently face recruitment challenges or early discontinuation. We aim to estimate the effects of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine on survival in COVID-19 from all currently available RCT evidence, published and unpublished. We present a rapid meta-analysis of ongoing, completed, or discontinued RCTs on hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine treatment for any COVID-19 patients (protocol: https://osf.io/QESV4/). We systematically identified unpublished RCTs (ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Cochrane COVID-registry up to June 11, 2020), and published RCTs (PubMed, medRxiv and bioRxiv up to October 16, 2020). All-cause mortality has been extracted (publications/preprints) or requested from investigators and combined in random-effects meta-analyses, calculating odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), separately for hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine. Prespecified subgroup analyses include patient setting, diagnostic confirmation, control type, and publication status. Sixty-three trials were potentially eligible. We included 14 unpublished trials (1308 patients) and 14 publications/preprints (9011 patients). Results for hydroxychloroquine are dominated by RECOVERY and WHO SOLIDARITY, two highly pragmatic trials, which employed relatively high doses and included 4716 and 1853 patients, respectively (67% of the total sample size). The combined OR on all-cause mortality for hydroxychloroquine is 1.11 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.20; I² = 0%; 26 trials; 10,012 patients) and for chloroquine 1.77 (95%CI: 0.15, 21.13, I² = 0%; 4 trials; 307 patients). We identified no subgroup effects. We found that treatment with hydroxychloroquine is associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 patients, and there is no benefit of chloroquine. Findings have unclear generalizability to outpatients, children, pregnant women, and people with comorbidities.
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