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- IOC - Artigos de Periódicos [12642]
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UNDER PRESSURE: PHENOTYPIC DIVERGENCE AND CONVERGENCE ASSOCIATED WITH MICROHABITAT ADAPTATIONS IN TRIATOMINAE
Autor(es)
Afiliação
Universidade de Brasília. Faculdade de Medicina. Núcleo de Medicina Tropical. Brasília, DF, Brasil / Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. London, UK.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Division of Vector‑Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fort Collins, USA.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. London, UK.
Universidad de Valencia. Facultad de Farmacia. Departamento de Parasitología. Valencia, Spain.
Universidad de Valencia. Facultad de Farmacia. Departamento de Parasitología. Valencia, Spain.
Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador. Quito, Ecuador / Instituto Juan César García. Quito, Ecuador.
Division of Vector‑Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fort Collins, USA.
Universidad de Valencia. Facultad de Farmacia. Departamento de Parasitología. Valencia, Spain.
Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. London, UK.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Division of Vector‑Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fort Collins, USA.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. London, UK.
Universidad de Valencia. Facultad de Farmacia. Departamento de Parasitología. Valencia, Spain.
Universidad de Valencia. Facultad de Farmacia. Departamento de Parasitología. Valencia, Spain.
Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador. Quito, Ecuador / Instituto Juan César García. Quito, Ecuador.
Division of Vector‑Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fort Collins, USA.
Universidad de Valencia. Facultad de Farmacia. Departamento de Parasitología. Valencia, Spain.
Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. London, UK.
Resumo em Inglês
Background: Triatomine bugs, the vectors of Chagas disease, associate with vertebrate hosts in highly diverse
ecotopes. It has been proposed that occupation of new microhabitats may trigger selection for distinct phenotypic
variants in these blood-sucking bugs. Although understanding phenotypic variation is key to the study of adaptive
evolution and central to phenotype-based taxonomy, the drivers of phenotypic change and diversity in triatomines
remain poorly understood.
Methods/results: We combined a detailed phenotypic appraisal (including morphology and morphometrics) with
mitochondrial cytb and nuclear ITS2 DNA sequence analyses to study Rhodnius ecuadoriensis populations from across
the species’ range. We found three major, naked-eye phenotypic variants. Southern-Andean bugs primarily from
vertebrate-nest microhabitats (Ecuador/Peru) are typical, light-colored, small bugs with short heads/wings. Northern-
Andean bugs from wet-forest palms (Ecuador) are dark, large bugs with long heads/wings. Finally, northern-lowland
bugs primarily from dry-forest palms (Ecuador) are light-colored and medium-sized. Wing and (size-free) head shapes
are similar across Ecuadorian populations, regardless of habitat or phenotype, but distinct in Peruvian bugs. Bayesian
phylogenetic and multispecies-coalescent DNA sequence analyses strongly suggest that Ecuadorian and Peruvian
populations are two independently evolving lineages, with little within-lineage phylogeographic structuring or
differentiation.
Conclusions: We report sharp naked-eye phenotypic divergence of genetically similar Ecuadorian R. ecuadoriensis
(nest-dwelling southern-Andean vs palm-dwelling northern bugs; and palm-dwelling Andean vs lowland), and sharp
naked-eye phenotypic similarity of typical, yet genetically distinct, southern-Andean bugs primarily from vertebratenest
(but not palm) microhabitats. This remarkable phenotypic diversity within a single nominal species likely stems
from microhabitat adaptations possibly involving predator-driven selection (yielding substrate-matching camouflage
coloration) and a shift from palm-crown to vertebrate-nest microhabitats (yielding smaller bodies and shorter and
stouter heads). These findings shed new light on the origins of phenotypic diversity in triatomines, warn against excess reliance on phenotype-based triatomine-bug taxonomy, and confirm the Triatominae as an informative model
system for the study of phenotypic change under ecological pressure.
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