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RE‑EMERGENCE OF GAMMA‑LIKE‑II AND EMERGENCE OF GAMMA‑S:E661D SARS‑COV‑2 LINEAGES IN THE SOUTH OF BRAZIL AFTER THE 2021 OUTBREAK
SARS-CoV-2
Variante B.1.1.33
Variante B.1.1.28
Gamma
Gamma-like-II
Rede Genômica Fiocruz
GENOMAHCOV
Autor(es)
Afiliação
Resumo em Inglês
Background: We report a genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 lineages circulating in Paraná, southern Brazil, from March 2020 to April 2021. Our analysis, based on 333 genomes, revealed that the frst variants detected in the state of Paraná in March 2020 were the B.1.1.33 and B.1.1.28 variants. The variants B.1.1.28 and B.1.1.33 were predominant throughout 2020 until the introduction of the variant P.2 in August 2020 and a variant of concern (VOC), Gamma (P.1), in January 2021. The VOC Gamma, a ramifcation of the B.1.1.28 lineage frst detected in Manaus (northern Brazil), has grown rapidly since December 2020 and was thought to be responsible for the deadly second wave of COVID-19 throughout Brazil. Methods: The 333 genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from March 2020 to April 2021 were generated as part of the genomic surveillance carried out by Fiocruz in Brazil Genomahcov Fiocruz. SARS-CoV-2 sequencing was performed using representative samples from all geographic areas of Paraná. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using the 333 genomes also included other SARS-CoV-2 genomes from the state of Paraná and other states in Brazil that were deposited in the GISAID. In addition, the time-scaled phylogenetic tree was constructed with up to 3 random sequences of the Gamma variant from each state in Brazil in each month of 2021. In this analysis we also added the sequences identifed as the B.1.1.28 lineage of the Amazonas state and and the Gamma-like-II (P.1-like-II) lineage identifed in diferent regions of Brazil. Results: Phylogenetic analyses of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes that were previously classifed as the VOC Gamma lineage by WHO/PANGO showed that some genomes from February to April 2021 branched in a monophyletic clade and that these samples grouped together with genomes recently described with the lineage Gamma-like-II. Additionally, a new mutation (E661D) in the spike (S) protein has been identifed in nearly 10% of the genomes classifed as the VOC Gamma from Paraná in March and April 2021.Finally, we analyzed the correlation between the lineage and the Gamma variant frequency, age group (patients younger or older than 60 years old) and the clinical data of 86 cases from the state of Paraná. Conclusions: Our results provided a reliable picture of the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the state of Paraná characterized by the dominance of the Gamma strain, as well as a high frequencies of the Gamma-like-II lineage and the S:E661D mutation. Epidemiological and genomic surveillance eforts should be continued to unveil the biological relevance of the novel mutations detected in the VOC Gamma in Paraná.
Palavras-chave
Análise FilogenéticaSARS-CoV-2
Variante B.1.1.33
Variante B.1.1.28
Gamma
Gamma-like-II
Rede Genômica Fiocruz
GENOMAHCOV
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