Background:Measuring the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) has been the key to verifying the evolution of healthindicators worldwide. We analyse subnational GBD data for Brazil in order to monitor the performance of theBrazilian states in the last 28 years on their progress towards meeting the health-related SDGs.Methods:As part of the GBD study, we assessed the 41 health-related indicators from the SDGs in Brazil at thesubnational level for all the 26 Brazilian states and the Federal District from 1990 to 2017. The GBD group hasrescaled all worldwide indicators from 0 to 100, assuming that for each one of them, the worst value among allcountries and overtime is 0, and the best is 100. They also estimate the overall health-related SDG index as afunction of all previously estimated health indicators and the SDI index (Socio-Demographic Index) as a function ofper capita income, average schooling in the population aged 15 years or over, and total fertility rate under the ageof 25 (TFU25).Results:From 1990 to 2017, most subnational health-related SDGs, the SDG and SDI indexes improvedconsiderable in most Brazilian states. The observed differences in SDG indicators within Brazilian states, includingHIV incidence and health worker density, increased over time. In 2017, health-related indicators that achieved goodresults globally included the prevalence of child wasting, NTD, household air pollution, conflict mortality, skilledbirth attendance, use of modern contraceptive methods, vaccine coverage, and health worker density, but poorresults were observed for child overweight and homicide rates. The high rates of overweight, alcohol consumption,and smoking prevalence found in the historically richest regions (i.e., the South and Southeast), contrast with thehigh rates of tuberculosis, maternal, neonatal, and under-5 mortality and WASH-related mortality found in thepoorer regions (i.e., the North and Northeast). Conclusions:The majority of Brazil’s health-related SDG indicators have substantially improved over the past 28years. However, inequalities in health among the Brazilian states and regions remain noticeable negatively affectingthe Brazilian population, which can contribute to Brazil not achieving the SDG 2030 targets.