Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/43894
Type
ArticleCopyright
Open access
Collections
- INI - Artigos de Periódicos [3460]
Metadata
Show full item record
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND INTRAOCULAR INFLAMMATION IN THE ERA OF HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTI RETROVIRAL THERAPY - AN UPDATE.
CMV retinitis
HAART
HIV
IRU
Drug-induced uveitis
Herpes zoster
Intraocular inflammation
Ocular TB
Ocular opportunistic infections
Ocular syphilis
Ocular toxoplasmosis
Retinopathy
Uveitis
Affilliation
Medical Research Foundation. Department of Uveitis. Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Medical Research Foundation. Department of Uveitis. Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Banker's Retina Clinic and Laser Centre. Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School. Department of Ophthalmology. Boston, Massachusetts, USA / Schepens Eye Research Institute. Boston, Massachusetts, USA / MyungSung Christian Medical Center (MCM) General Hospital and MyungSung Medical College. MCM Eye Unit. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Medical Research Foundation. Department of Uveitis. Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Banker's Retina Clinic and Laser Centre. Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School. Department of Ophthalmology. Boston, Massachusetts, USA / Schepens Eye Research Institute. Boston, Massachusetts, USA / MyungSung Christian Medical Center (MCM) General Hospital and MyungSung Medical College. MCM Eye Unit. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Abstract
Intraocular inflammation in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is commonly due to infectious uveitis. Ocular lesions due to opportunistic infections (OI) are the most common and have been described extensively in the pre highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. Many eye lesions were classified as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) defining illnesses. HAART-associated improvement in immunity of the individual has changed the pattern of incidence of these hitherto reported known lesions leading to a marked reduction in the occurrence of ocular OI. Newer ocular lesions and newer ocular manifestations of known agents have been noted. Immune recovery uveitis (IRU), the new menace, which occurs as part of immune recovery inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in the eye, can present with significant ocular inflammation and can pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Balancing the treatment of inflammation with the risk of reactivation of OI is a task by itself. Ocular involvement in the HAART era can be due to the adverse effects of some systemic drugs used in the management of HIV/AIDS. Drug-associated retinal toxicity and other ocular side effects are being increasingly reported. In this review, we discuss the ocular manifestations in HIV patients and its varied presentations following the introduction of HAART, drug-associated lesions, and the current treatment guidelines.
Keywords
AIDSCMV retinitis
HAART
HIV
IRU
Drug-induced uveitis
Herpes zoster
Intraocular inflammation
Ocular TB
Ocular opportunistic infections
Ocular syphilis
Ocular toxoplasmosis
Retinopathy
Uveitis
Share