Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status and living conditions of adults and older people from remaining quilombola communities in the municipality of Santarém, Pará, Brazil. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional research study approach conducted in the quilombola communities of Bom Jardim, Murumurutuba, Murumuru, Tiningú, Arapemã and Saracura. Data collection involved an anthropometric evaluation and application of a semi-structured questionnaire to identify socioeconomic, demographic and environmental conditions. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed and inferential statistics involved nominal logistic regression to identify the social variables that had some effect on the nutritional status of adults. Results: A total of 533 individuals, aged ≥18 years, participated in the study. The predominance of females was found to be 53.4%, married or friends 72.9%, with completed primary education (56.8%) and Catholics (88.7%). The largest proportion of the population was in the area of land (65.6%). However, the largest number of adults and older people were concentrated in the Saracura quilombo, a floodplain area (21.9%). The worst perception of health status was with permanent difficulty to see (36.4%). They lived with household income less than 1 minimum wage (66.0%), houses with clay, wood and other floors (72.5%%), lighting with kerosene lamps (85.9%), use of rudimentary pits as a toilet (type dug or black) (88.2%). And water supply of the river or the creek (44.4%). A positive association was observed between low weight and the age group of older people. Obesity in adults was significantly associated with the age group, as well as with the origin of the minimum income (unemployment insurance or Bolsa Família (scholarship and/or family grant). It was observed that there was a significant difference between the overweight, the age group and the female sex with the location of the quilombo (floodplain: várzea or dryland: terra firme), and with the origin of the water (shaft or cacimba). It was found that malnutrition, especially in older people, is a relevant problem. Conclusions: This study is an important support instrument for the discussion of the health of the quilombola population, since the results showed the existence of social vulnerability and health situations, differentiated according to the geographical location of the quilombos, which is closely related to climate seasonality, as well as to environmental, socioeconomic and demographic conditions. The need for further studies to deepen the characterization of these communities on analysis, linked to discussions on the establishment of sustainable social protection systems for the improvement of the quality of life in these territories, is thus highlighted.