This cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out at three public hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. It aimed at analyzing the association between social support and cervical and breast cancer early detection practices among nurses. Data were collected through a multidimensional questionnaire focusing on socio-demographic and occupational variables, the performance of the breast self-exam, the Papanicolaou smear test, and social support (Medical Outcomes Study scale). Statistical associations were evaluated through the Chi-square test (p d" 0.05). Logistic regression tests were used for multivariate analysis. Higher levels of social support consistently increased the chances of individuals reporting adequate practices concerning breast self-examination and having Pap smear tests performed, regardless of socio-demographic or occupational variables. These results corroborate the hypotheses that social support has a positive effect on the regular practice of self-care.