Viral and host factors are known to play a role in the different patterns of AIDS progression. The cocirculation of HIV-1 subtypes B, F1, BBR, and BF1; the occasional detection of HIV-1 subtype D; and an increasing prevalence of subtype C and other recombinant forms have been described in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential association of HIV-1 subtypes circulating among HIV-1+ individuals in Rio de Janeiro with AIDS disease progression. For this purpose, 246 HIV-1 individuals under clinical and laboratory follow-up from 1986 to 2011 were classified according to their progression to AIDS in typical progressors (n = 133), rapid progressors (n = 95), and long-term nonprogressors (n = 18). The env-gp120 region was amplified and sequenced. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic inferences were performed in Mega 6 and bootscan analysis was performed in Simplot 3.5.1. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox modeling were performed to determine the time until an AIDS-defining event based on the HIV-1 subtypes/variants. Similar AIDS progression rates were observed among individuals infected with HIV-1 subtype B and variant BBR. However, a direct association between more rapid AIDS progression and HIV-1 subtypes, D and BF1, was confirmed in the multivariate analysis, corroborating previous results. Our findings contribute to the investigation of the possible influence of HIV-1 subtypes in AIDS outcome.