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https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/25926
EMERGENCE OF POLYFUNCTIONAL CYTOTOXIC CD4+ T CELLS IN MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTED PATIENTS
ÍRIS
Complexo Mycobacterium avium
MAC
HIV
Author
Affilliation
Múltipla – ver em Notas
Abstract
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an aberrant inflammatory response in individuals with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. The pathogenesis of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)-associated IRIS has not been fully elucidated. Methods. We investigated monocyte and CD4+ T-cell responses in vitro, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) expression in tissues, and
plasma cytokines and inflammatory markers, in 13 HIV-infected patients with MAC-IRIS and 14 HIV-uninfected patients with
pulmonary MAC infection.
Results. Prior to ART, HIV-infected compared with HIV-uninfected patients, had reduced TNF+ monocytes (P = .013), although
similar cytokine (interferon gamma [IFN-γ], TNF, interleukin 2 [IL-2], and interleukin 17 [IL-17])–expressing CD4+ T cells. During
IRIS, monocyte cytokine production was restored. IFN-γ+ (P = .027), TNF+ (P = .004), and polyfunctional CD4+ T cells (P = 0.03)
also increased. These effectors were T-betlow, and some expressed markers of degranulation and cytotoxic potential. Blockade of
cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 and lymphocyte activation gene-3 further increased CD4+ T-cell cytokine production.
Tissue immunofluorescence showed higher proportions of CD4+ and CD68+ (monocyte/macrophage) cells expressed TNF during
IRIS compared with HIV-uninfected patients. Plasma IFN-γ (P = .048), C-reactive protein (P = .008), and myeloperoxidase (P <
.001) levels also increased, whereas interleukin 10 decreased (P = .008) during IRIS.
Conclusions. Advanced HIV infection was associated with impaired MAC responses. Restoration of monocyte responses and
expansion of polyfunctional MAC-specific T-betlow CD4+ T cells with cytotoxic potential after ART initiation may overwhelm existing
regulatory and inhibitory mechanisms, leading to MAC-IRIS.
Keywords in Portuguese
Síndrome inflamatória de reconstituição imuneÍRIS
Complexo Mycobacterium avium
MAC
HIV
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