There is a lack of data on the association between body self-perception and eating patterns in Brazil. Thus, this study aimed to explore the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and eating patterns by the anthropometric status in adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1496 adolescents was conducted. The participants com-pleted the Body Shape Questionnaire. Demographic, anthropometric, and socioeconomic datawere collected, as well as information regarding the pubertal development and dietary intake.Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the associations of interest.Results: Body image dissatisfaction was identified in 19.5% of the adolescents. Three dietarypatterns were identified: (1) the Western pattern was composed of sweets and sugars, softdrinks, typical dishes, pastries, fast food, beef, milk, and dairy products; (2) the Traditionalpattern was composed of oils, chicken, fish, eggs, processed meat products, cereals (rice, cas-sava flour, pasta, etc.), baked beans, and bread; and (3) the Restrictive pattern was composedof granola, roots, vegetables, and fruit. Among overweight/obese adolescents, the data indi-cated a negative association of slight body image dissatisfaction (OR: 0.240 [0.100; 0.576])and moderate body image dissatisfaction (OR: 0.235 [0.086; 0.645]) with the Western dietarypattern. Additionally, in this group, there was a positive association between high body imagedissatisfaction and the Restrictive pattern (OR: 2.794 [1.178; 6.630]).