The Rowlandius dumitrescoae species group is reviewed and rediagnosed, and its composition is revised. The group now includes Rowlandius cousinensis, Rowlandius decui, Rowlandius dumitrescoae, Rowlandius insignis, Rowlandius linsduarte, Rowlandius monensis, Rowlandius peckorum, Rowlandius potiguar, Rowlandius sul, Rowlandius ubajara, and Rowlandius pedrosoisp. n. A new species is described from a cave in northeast Brazil (Santa Quitéria, Ceará). Identification keys and distributional maps are provided for the species of the group. Sixteen species of Schizomida, including five of Rowlandius, are currently recognized from Brazil.