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PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC PATTERN AND EXTENSIVE MITOCHONDRIAL DNA DIVERGENCE DISCLOSE A SPECIES COMPLEX WITHIN THE CHAGAS DISEASE VECTOR TRIATOMA DIMIDIATA
Autor(es)
Afiliação
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Russian Academy of Sciences. Siberian Branch. Limnological Institute. Laboratory of Molecular Systematics. Irkutsk, Russia.
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria. Entomology Branch. Atlanta, GA, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria. Entomology Branch. Atlanta, GA, USA.
FIOCRUZ Amazônia. Instituto Leonidas e Maria Deane. Manaus, AM, Brasil.
Universidad de Guadalajara. Centro Universitario del Sur. Àrea de Entomologia Médica. Ciudad Guzmán, México.
Universidad del Valle de Guatemala. Center for Health Studies. Guatemala City, Guatemala.
Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia. Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Parasitology. Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología. Laboratorio de Biología de Parásitos. Ciudad de México, México.
Universidad de Antioquia. Instituto de Biología. Grupo de Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Medellín, Colombia,
Ohio University. Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine. Department of Biomedical Sciences. Tropical Disease Institute. Athens, Ohio, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases. Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria. Entomology Branch. Atlanta, GA, USA.
Russian Academy of Sciences. Siberian Branch. Limnological Institute. Laboratory of Molecular Systematics. Irkutsk, Russia.
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria. Entomology Branch. Atlanta, GA, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria. Entomology Branch. Atlanta, GA, USA.
FIOCRUZ Amazônia. Instituto Leonidas e Maria Deane. Manaus, AM, Brasil.
Universidad de Guadalajara. Centro Universitario del Sur. Àrea de Entomologia Médica. Ciudad Guzmán, México.
Universidad del Valle de Guatemala. Center for Health Studies. Guatemala City, Guatemala.
Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia. Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Parasitology. Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología. Laboratorio de Biología de Parásitos. Ciudad de México, México.
Universidad de Antioquia. Instituto de Biología. Grupo de Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Medellín, Colombia,
Ohio University. Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine. Department of Biomedical Sciences. Tropical Disease Institute. Athens, Ohio, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases. Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria. Entomology Branch. Atlanta, GA, USA.
Resumo em Inglês
Background: Triatoma dimidiata is among the main vectors of Chagas disease in Latin America. However, and despite
important advances, there is no consensus about the taxonomic status of phenotypically divergent T. dimidiata populations,
which in most recent papers are regarded as subspecies.
Methodology and Findings: A total of 126 cyt b sequences (621 bp long) were produced for specimens from across the
species range. Forty-seven selected specimens representing the main cyt b clades observed (after a preliminary
phylogenetic analysis) were also sequenced for an ND4 fragment (554 bp long) and concatenated with their respective cyt
b sequences to produce a combined data set totalling 1175 bp/individual. Bayesian and Maximum-Likelihood phylogenetic
analyses of both data sets (cyt b, and cyt b+ND4) disclosed four strongly divergent (all pairwise Kimura 2-parameter
distances .0.08), monophyletic groups: Group I occurs from Southern Mexico through Central America into Colombia, with
Ecuadorian specimens resembling Nicaraguan material; Group II includes samples from Western-Southwestern Mexico;
Group III comprises specimens from the Yucata´n peninsula; and Group IV consists of sylvatic samples from Belize. The
closely-related, yet formally recognized species T. hegneri from the island of Cozumel falls within the divergence range of
the T. dimidiata populations studied.
Conclusions: We propose that Groups I–IV, as well as T. hegneri, should be regarded as separate species. In the Pete´n of
Guatemala, representatives of Groups I, II, and III occur in sympatry; the absence of haplotypes with intermediate genetic
distances, as shown by multimodal mismatch distribution plots, clearly indicates that reproductive barriers actively promote
within-group cohesion. Some sylvatic specimens from Belize belong to a different species – likely the basal lineage of the T.
dimidiata complex, originated ,8.25 Mya. The evidence presented here strongly supports the proposition that T. dimidiata
is a complex of five cryptic species (Groups I–IV plus T. hegneri) that play different roles as vectors of Chagas disease in the
region.
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