Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease whose incidence is increasing over the years in both developed and developing countries. Uncontrolled or poor controlled diabetic patients present several secondary complications induced by hyperglycemia, which are involved with the high morbidity and mortality of this disease. Moreover, the reduction of insulin production in diabetic patients induces increase of the activity of HPA axis that results in an increase of glucocorticoid production. This review gives an update of the state-of-the-art concerning the relationship of hyperactivity of HPA axis observed in type 1diabetic patients and the development of the disease complications.