tWe investigated the performance of the DPP®canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) rapidtest, a novel immunochromatographic assay launched by BioManguinhos (Brazil), whichwas recently included in the new Brazilian protocol for screening CVL in serological surveys.The present study compared the DPP®with the ELISA and IFA produced by BioManguinhos(Brazil) both with L. major-like antigens and with in-house tests using Leishmania infantumchagasi (in-house ELISA and in-house IFA). We analyzed the sera from clinically symp-tomatic (n = 47) and asymptomatic (n = 38) infected dogs from an endemic area of CVL, aswell as from healthy (n = 18) dogs, in addition to the sera of dogs (n = 81) infected withother pathogens. The DPP®and the in-house ELISA showed a sensitivity of 90.6% and 94.1%,respectively, and specificity of 95.1% and 97.5%, respectively, and both presented cross-reactivity only with the sera of dogs with babesiosis, 44% for the DPP®and 22% for thein-house ELISA. The clinical groups were detected equally by the two assays. The ELISABioManguinhos, IFA BioManguinhos, and in house-IFA showed a good sensitivity, 90.6%,96.5% and 89.4%, respectively, but very low specificity, 77.8%, 69.1% and 65.8%, respec-tively, due to the high cross-reactivity with the sera from the animals harboring otherpathogens. The in-house ELISA provided the highest accuracy (95.8%), followed by theDPP®(92.7%), ELISA BioManguinhos (84.3%), IFA BioManguinhos (83.1%), and in-house IFA(78.0%). The simultaneous use of the DPP®and ELISA BioManguinhos reached a sensitiv-ity of 99.1% and 82.1% when used sequentially. In conclusion, the DPP®performed well asserological test for CVL, and detected both asymptomatic and symptomatic dogs in equalproportions. Although its sensitivity is not ideal yet, discarding the IFA and including theDPP®improved the accuracy of the new Brazilian CVL diagnostic protocol, particularly ofdetecting truly infected dogs. Moreover, considering the higher specificity of DPP®(95.1%vs 77.8%), positive predictive value (95.1% vs 81.1%) and positive likelihood value (18.3% vs4.1%) in comparison with the ELISA BioManguinhos, the use of DPP®as a confirmatory testinstead of a screening test is suggested.