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https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/63162
PREVALENCE OF TRACHOMA IN INDIGENOUS AND NONINDIGENOUS AREAS, NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL, 2019–2021
Author
Affilliation
Ministério da Saúde. Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde. Laboratório de Informações em Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Ministério da Saúde. Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Universidade de Brasília. Brasília, DF, Brasil.
Universidade de Brasília. Brasília, DF, Brasil.
Universidade de Brasília. Brasília, DF, Brasil.
Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde. Laboratório de Informações em Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Ministério da Saúde. Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Universidade de Brasília. Brasília, DF, Brasil.
Universidade de Brasília. Brasília, DF, Brasil.
Universidade de Brasília. Brasília, DF, Brasil.
Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Abstract
Objective. To estimate the prevalence of trachoma in indigenous and non-indigenous populations in selected areas of the state of Maranhão, in northeastern Brazil. Methods. This was a population-based survey with probabilistic sampling. For the diagnosis of trachoma, external ocular examination was performed using head magnifying loupes, at 2.5X magnification. The prevalence of trachomatous inflammation – follicular (TF) in children aged 1–9 years and the prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis (TT) in the population aged ≥15 years were estimated. Relative frequencies of sociodemographic and environmental characteristics were obtained. Results. The study included 7 971 individuals, 3 429 from non-indigenous populations and 4 542 from indigenous populations. The prevalence of TF in non-indigenous and indigenous populations was 0.1% and 2.9%, respectively, and the prevalence of TT among indigenous populations was 0.1%. Conclusions. The prevalence of TF and TT in the two evaluation units in the state of Maranhão were within the limits recommended for the elimination of trachoma as a public health problem. However, the prevalence of TF was higher in the indigenous evaluation unit, indicating a greater vulnerability of this population to the disease. The prevalence of TF of below 5.0% implies a reduction in transmission, which may have resulted from improved socioeconomic conditions and/or the implementation of the World Health Organization SAFE strategy.
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