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3100-12-31
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PERIODIC PARASITES AND DAILY HOST RHYTHMS
circadian rhythm
Plasmodium
intra-erythrocytic development cycle
synchronicity
periodicity
entrainment
fitness
host-parasite interactions
nutrient sensing
metabolism
inflammatory response
Author
Affilliation
Institute of Evolutionary Biology & Institute of Immunology and Infection Research. University of Edinburgh. Edinburgh, UK
Department of Neuroscience. Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute & Howard Hughes Medical Institute. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Dallas, TX, USA
Department of Medicine. University of Massachusetts Medical School. Worcester, MA, USA
Department of Medicine. University of Massachusetts Medical School. Worcester, MA, USA/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Laboratório de Imunopatologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Neurobiology & NeuroNexus Institute. University of Massachusetts Medical School. Worcester, MA, USA
Department of Medicine. University of Massachusetts Medical School. Worcester, MA, USA/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Laboratório de Imunopatologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Institute of Evolutionary Biology & Institute of Immunology and Infection Research. University of Edinburgh. Edinburgh, UK
Department of Neuroscience. Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute & Howard Hughes Medical Institute. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Dallas, TX, USA
Department of Medicine. University of Massachusetts Medical School. Worcester, MA, USA
Department of Medicine. University of Massachusetts Medical School. Worcester, MA, USA/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Laboratório de Imunopatologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Neurobiology & NeuroNexus Institute. University of Massachusetts Medical School. Worcester, MA, USA
Department of Medicine. University of Massachusetts Medical School. Worcester, MA, USA/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Laboratório de Imunopatologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Institute of Evolutionary Biology & Institute of Immunology and Infection Research. University of Edinburgh. Edinburgh, UK
Abstract
Biological rhythms appear to be an elegant solution to the challenge of coordinating activities with the consequences of the Earth’s daily and seasonal rotation. The genes and molecular mechanisms underpinning circadian clocks in multicellular organisms are well understood. In contrast, the regulatory mechanisms and fitness consequences of biological rhythms exhibited by parasites remain mysterious. Here, we explore how periodicity in parasite traits is generated and why daily rhythms matter for parasite fitness. We focus on malaria (Plasmodium) parasites which exhibit developmental rhythms during replication in the mammalian host’s blood and in transmission to vectors. Rhythmic in-host parasite replication is responsible for eliciting inflammatory responses, the severity of disease symptoms, and fueling transmission, as well as conferring tolerance to anti-parasite drugs. Thus, understanding both how and why the timing and synchrony of parasites are connected to the daily rhythms of hosts and vectors may make treatment more effective and less toxic to hosts.
Keywords
Circadian clockcircadian rhythm
Plasmodium
intra-erythrocytic development cycle
synchronicity
periodicity
entrainment
fitness
host-parasite interactions
nutrient sensing
metabolism
inflammatory response
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