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SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS OF THE LEPTOSPIROSIS OUTBREAK OF 1996 IN WESTERN RIO DE JANEIRO: A GEOGRAPHICAL APPROACH
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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Informação Científica e Tecnológica. Departamento de Informações em Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Doenças Endêmicas Samuel Pessoa. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Doenças Endêmicas Samuel Pessoa. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Abstract in Portuguese
The environmental and social context in which a leptospirosis outbreak took place during the summer of
1996 in the Rio de Janeiro Western Region was examined by using spatial analysis of leptospirosis cases
merged with population and environmental data in a Geographical Information System (GIS). Important
differences were observed between places where residences of leptospirosis cases are concentrated and
other places in the region. Water supply coverage, solid waste collection, sewerage system coverage and
flood risk area were the main determining variables from an initial list of ten. The influence of these
unfavorable social and environmental factors is verified hundreds of meters distant from the leptospirosis
case residences, demonstrating a necessity to broaden the area of health surveillance practices. The
geocoding indicated that some cases did not report contact with flood water, even though they were
geographically adjacent to cases who did report this contact. Cases may only report exposures they believe
are related to the disease. Geocoding is a useful tool for evaluating such bias in the exposure recall.
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