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GROUP A ROTAVIRUS GENOTYPES AND THE ONGOING BRAZILIAN EXPERIENCE - A REVIEW
Affilliation
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Sistemática Bioquímica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.
Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Sistemática Bioquímica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.
Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.
Abstract
Brazil was the first Latin American country to introduce universal group A rotavirus (RV-A) vaccination in March
2006, resulting in a unique epidemiological scenario. Since RV-A first identification in Brazil, 2,691 RV-A-positive stool
samples, collected between 1982- 2007, were typed by independent research groups throughout the country. In the prevaccination
era, 2,492 RV-A-positive samples collected from 1982-2005 were successfully typed, while 199 samples were
analyzed from 2006-2007. According to the reviewed studies, there were two important times in the pre-vaccination
era: (i) the period from 1982-1995, during which the detection of G5P[8] RV-A, in addition to the classical genotypes
G1-4, challenged vaccine development programs; and (ii) the period from 1996-2005, during which genotype G9P[8]
emerged, following a global trend. The rate of G2P[4] RV-A detection decreased from 26% (173/653) during 1982-1995
to 2% (43/1,839) during 1996-2005. The overall detection rate of RV-A genotypes from 1982-2005 was as follows:
43% (n = 1,079) G1P[8]/G1P[not typed (NT)]; 20% (n = 488) G9P[8]/G9P[NT]; 9% (n = 216) G2P[4]/G2P[NT]; 6%
(n = 151) G3P[8]/G3P[NT]; 4% (n = 103) G4P[8]/G4P[NT]; and 4% (n = 94) G5P[8]/G5P[NT]. Mixed infections accounted
for 189 (7%) of the positive samples, while atypical G/P combinations or other genotypes, including G6, G8,
G10 and G12, were identified in 172 (7%) samples. The initial surveillance studies carried out in several Brazilian
states with RV-A-positive samples collected in 2006 and 2007 show a predominance of G2P[4] strains (148/199 or 74%).
Herein, we review RV-A typing studies carried out since the 1980s in Brazil, highlighting the dynamics of RV-A strain
circulation profiles before and early after universal use of RV-A vaccine in Brazil.
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