Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/26636
Type
ArticleCopyright
Restricted access
Embargo date
2023-01-01
Collections
Metadata
Show full item record
DENDRITIC CELLS, MACROPHAGES, NK AND CD8+ T LYMPHOCYTES PLAY PIVOTAL ROLES IN CONTROLLING HSV-1 IN THE TRIGEMINAL GANGLIA BY PRODUCING IL1-BETA, INOS AND GRANZYME B.
Innate immunity
Dendritic cells
Macrophages
CD8+ T lymphocytes
TLRs
Murine model
Neuropathogenesis
Encephalitis
Author
Affilliation
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Imunologia de Doenças Virais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Imunologia de Doenças Virais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Imunologia de Doenças Virais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Imunologia de Doenças Virais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Imunologia de Doenças Virais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Imunologia de Doenças Virais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Departamento de Microbiologia. Laboratório de Vírus. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Biologia e Imunologia Parasitária. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Imunologia de Doenças Virais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Imunologia de Doenças Virais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Imunologia de Doenças Virais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Imunologia de Doenças Virais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Imunologia de Doenças Virais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Imunologia de Doenças Virais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Departamento de Microbiologia. Laboratório de Vírus. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Biologia e Imunologia Parasitária. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Imunologia de Doenças Virais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Abstract
Background: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) cause not only mild symptoms but also blindness and encephalitis. It was previously shown that the immune response against HSV-1 occurs mainly in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) and that Toll-like receptors 2 and 9 (TLR2/9) are important in mediating this response. It was also demonstrated that iNOS (nitric oxide synthase) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) play an essential role in the defense against HSV-1 infection. Importantly, the present work aimed to identify the primary cells responsible for iNOS and IL-1β production and search for other important molecules and cells that might or might not depend on TLR2/9 receptors to mediate the immune response against HSV-1.
Methods: C57BL/6 (wild type, WT) and TLR2/9−/− mice were infected by the intranasal route with HSV-1 (1 × 106 p.f.u.). Cells were obtained from the TG and spleen tissues and the profile of immune cells was determined by flow cytometry in infected and mock infected WT and knockout mice. The percentage of cells producing iNOS, IL-1β, granzyme B and perforin was also determined by flow cytometry. Chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) was measured by Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) in the TG, spleen and lung. Expression of type I interferons (IFNs), interleukins (IL) 5 and 10, IL-1β and granzyme B were quantified by real time PCR.
Results: The results indicate that dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes/macrophages (Mo/Mϕ) were the main sources of IL-1β and iNOS, respectively, which, together with type I IFNs, were essential for the immune response against HSV-1. Additionally, we showed that granzyme B produced by CD8+ T and NK lymphocytes and MCP-1 were also important for this immune response. Moreover, our data indicate that the robust production of MCP-1 and granzyme B is either TLR-independent or down regulated by TLRs and occurs in the TG of TLR2/9−/− infected mice.
Conclusion: Taken together, our data provide strong evidence that the responses mediated by DCs, Mo/Mϕ, NK and CD8+ T lymphocytes through IL-1β, iNOS and granzyme B production, respectively, together with the production of type I IFN early in the infection, are crucial to host defense against HSV-1.
Keywords
Herpes simplex virus 1Innate immunity
Dendritic cells
Macrophages
CD8+ T lymphocytes
TLRs
Murine model
Neuropathogenesis
Encephalitis
Share