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SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION GENETICS OF LEISHMANIA INFANTUM GENOTYPES IN SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL, EMPLOYINGMULTILOCUS MICROSATELLITE TYPING DIRECTLY IN DOG INFECTED TISSUES
Microsatellite markers
American visceral leishmaniasis
Clinical samples
São Paulo State – Brazil
Author
Affilliation
Instituto Adolfo Lutz. Laboratório de Parasitologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Genoa Biotecnologia SA. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Instituto Adolfo Lutz. Laboratório de Parasitologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Genoa Biotecnologia SA. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Instituto Adolfo Lutz. Laboratório de Parasitologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Abstract
This study investigated the genetic characteristics of Leishmania infantum samples from São Paulo (SP)
State, Brazil in order to collaborate with information about the possible origins of the parasites, as well
as, the introduction and spread of visceral leishmaniasis in this Brazilian State. Multilocus microsatellite
typing (MLMT) was performed using a set of 17 microsatellite markers. DNA was extracted from 250
samples collected from dogs diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis and 112 (45%) were genotyped: 67
from the northwest region (NWSP), and 29 from the southeast region (SESP) of SP. The results were correlated
with other 16 samples from Mato Grosso do Sul State (MS) (which borders NWSP). Although, a
small portion of samples was genotyped, it was possible to genotype multiple loci using small amounts
of Leishmania DNA extracted directly from dog tissues. Despite the fact that MLMT analysis defined 33
different genotypes, a low polymorphism was detected within the parasites studied with 10 polymorphic
loci. There are two main genetic clusters circulating in SP with strong genetic differentiation, one (POP-A)
is composed by samples from SESP and NWSP and presented a weak signal of geographical substructure.
The other, belongs to the same cluster found in the state of MS (POP-B), which was the main one. The
majority (93.75%) of MS parasite genotypes belonged to POP-B, with just one sample (6.25%) grouped
in POP-A. POP-B also comprised 10.34% of SESP and 26.87% of NWSP samples. Besides one sample from
MS, POP-A is composed by 73.13% of NWSP and 89.66% of SESP samples. The MLMT analysis supported
the idea of canine visceral leishmaniasis being introduced in the Northwest region of SP State by the traf-
fic of humans and dogs from MS. In the southeast region of SP occurred an introduction of a new L. infantum
genetic cluster. Probably the transmission was spread by traffic of infected dogs from other Brazilian
regions, or by introduction of imported dogs from other countries. All these data together contributed to
the detection of the genetic profile of L. infantum population in SP State.
Keywords
Leishmania infantumMicrosatellite markers
American visceral leishmaniasis
Clinical samples
São Paulo State – Brazil
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